Cenozoic
Paleocene
A gondwanathere that is found in the Australian Murgon deposits. Sudamericidae.
A stem-litoptern that is found in the Australian Murgon deposits, having come from South America via Antarctica. Stem Litopterna.
A relictual tritylodont therapsid, which survived through the end of the Cretaceous, evolving a specialized diet during the “fern spike”. Feeds entirely on ferns, much like a panda does on bamboo. Tritylodontidae.
An extremely large species of Obdurodon, found in pre-glacial Antarctica. Obdurodon sp.
Late-surviving enantiornithine. Enantiornithes.
Eocene
An early pangolin that lacks scales, is omnivorous like an armadillo, and still retains teeth. Pholidota.
A relative of Kutchicetus that has a long, gharial-like snout with interlocking, needle-like teeth. Remingtonocetidae.
A very primitive whippo that is terrestrial and more primitive than Indohyus. Stem Whippomorpha.
A primitive basking shark, intermediate between other Lamniforms and the present species. Cetorhinidae.
A form transitional between other Orectolobiformes and whale sharks. Rhincodontidae.
A “condylarth” which has evolved a specialized, tree-sloth-like lifestyle. “Condylarthra”.
A species of primitive archeocete, descended from aquatic ancestors, which has become secondarily terrestrial after colonizing an island. Protocetidae novis.
A Paleogene iguana from South America that rivals a Komodo Dragon in size. Iguanidae.
A Messelasturid bird which has become a large jungle predator like an eagle in the Eocene rainforests. Messelasturidae.
A durophagous relative of Dorudon which feeds mainly on shellfish that it plucks from the sea floor. Dorudontinae.
An Adapiforme prosimian which is able to glide using large patagia between the limbs. Adapiformes.
A large flighted Paleognath which has become a crane-like waterbird. Lithornithiformes.
A large predatory tenrec which inhabited Madagascar before the arrival of feliform predators. Tenrecidae.
Oligocene
A small, tree-dwelling relative of Agriochoerus, which has a short face, and teeth adapted to eat coarse fruit and leaves. Agriochoeridae.
An ancestral moa which still possesses visible wings. Dinornithiformes.
A tiny relative of Hesperocyon, adapted to live in deserts, like a meerkat. Hesperocyoninae.
A primitive ostrich which has large claws on its wingtips for defence. Struthioniformes
Miocene
A kind of predatory skink with cutting, enlarged molariform teeth. Scincidae.
A giant Miocene relative of the tapian, found in Australia, which reaches similar sizes to a King Cobra. Elapidae.
A relictual, opossum-like marsupial that inhabits the harsh tundra and scrub of Antarctica, before the ice-caps have fully covered the continent. Australidelphia.
An oversized heron adapted to feeding on terrestrial vertebrates, anything small enough to swallow. Ardeidae.
A terrestrial Mekosuchine, inhabiting New Zealand as an apex predator. Mekosuchinae.
A giant, snakehead-like predatory Galaxiid, inhabiting New Zealand's waterways. Galaxiidae.
A relictual deep-sea Hybodont shark, which has survived into the Miocene since the Cretaceous. Hybodontidae.
A desmostylian with large, walrus-like tusks used in fighting and sexual display. Desmostylia.
A large, deep sea relative of Otodus. Otodontidae.
A relative of Hipparion, whose side toes have adapted into spurs for fighting. Hipparionini.
A giant, reef-dwelling seahorse, maybe 50 centimetres long. Hippocampinae.
Nimravid with clear adaptations towards a cheetah-like lifestyle. Nimravidae.
A species of muntjac-like deer which squirts a noxious substance from its enlarged musk glands, as defense. Muntiacini.
A fair-sized, South American land iguana with a tall head-casque much like that of a chameleon. Iguanidae.
A relative of Dromornis which has a large, casque-like culmen at the top of its beak. Dromornithidae.
A primitive sabre-toothed cat which hunts in the trees, much like a clouded leopard. Machairodontinae.
A giant monitor inhabiting sub-saharan Africa, which is just as large and fearsome as a komodo dragon. Varanus sp.
Pliocene
A nearly-flightless, cursorial ground hornbill, found near the rift valley of East Africa. Bucorvidae.
A whale which is intermediate between primitive belugas and narwhals. Monodontidae.
Pleistocene
A large, ape-like New-World monkey which has only a vestigial tail, and is quite adept on the ground, as well as in the trees. Atelidae.
A long-legged hawk that is mostly flightless, and relies on chasing prey over the ground on its very long legs. Accipitridae.
A dwarf rhinoceros found on some smaller Indonesian island which is less often part of Sunda Land. Rhinocerotidae.
Holocene
A small semi-terrestrial crocodile found on Madagascar, which has large squamosal horns. Osteolaeminae.
